Several variables dictate the severity and rate of galvanic corrosion.

• The Galvanic Series: The galvanic series for a given environment is a list of metals and their associated EMF values. When the EMF values are too far apart, the metal with the higher EMF will corrode.
• Area Ratio: The relative surface areas of the cathodic and anodic metals play a significant role. A small anode coupled with a large cathode is a recipe for rapid anodic corrosion.
• Electrolyte Properties: The nature, concentration, temperature, and oxygen content in the electrolyte can affect galvanic corrosion rates. Typically, a high concentration of ions, elevated temperatures, and increased oxygen content can enhance the corrosion rate.
• Duration and Wetness: An electrolyte must be present for galvanic corrosion to occur. Metals that remain wet for extended periods are more susceptible.

To curb or minimize the effects of galvanic corrosion, various strategies can be adopted:

• Material Selection: Whenever possible, select metals that are close together in the galvanic series for applications involving metal contact in corrosive environments.
• Cathodic Protection: This involves making the metal that needs protection act as a cathode by introducing an external anode that will corrode in its place.
• Coatings: Protective coatings, when applied correctly, can shield the metal from the environment, thus preventing the electrolyte from making contact.
• Control Electrolyte Composition: By altering the electrolyte composition or using inhibitors, the corrosion rate can be reduced.
• Design Considerations: Ensure that if galvanic corrosion does occur, the anodic area is much larger than the cathodic area. This reduces the corrosion rate.